And what about those controversies /
over taxes paid, or privacy, or vast profits /
in an age when /
inequality is as much a factor /
behind the present dim view /
of many in the political and business establishments /
as any perceived failures of globalization?
This sentence doesn't mean a lot by itself; the "And" at the beginning of the sentence tells me that it's a continuation of a previous thought. However, if you take it apart as I have above, it might help you understand it a little better.
"what about those controversies" -- what should we think about those controversies?
"over taxes paid, or privacy, or vast profits" tells you what the controversies are.
"in an age when" defines a time, here understood to be the present time we're living in, which the sentence goes on to explain.
"as much" needs the following "as", so you have to find it. When you put both parts together you can understand that "inequality is as much a factor as any perceived failures of globalization"
This means that the writer believes that both "inequality" and "perceived failures of globalization" are factors … but of what?
"Behind the present dim view" -- without context, I'm understanding this to mean "gloomy outlook" or "pessimism". Whose "dim view"?
"of many in the political and business establishments" -- so politicians and businesspeople.
I hope that helps you understand the article you're reading. Good luck with your studies!