Phrases for describing the weather.
Can I say about the weather phrases like these:
about a Sun:
It’s sunny, hot (warm) and dry.
It’s clear. (I want to say that there are no clouds in the sky)
The sun is shining.
It’s a hot, shiny day.
About wind:
The wind is up.
A wind rose.
The wind is blowing hard.
It's a lovely windy day.
About rain:
It’s raining heavily. It’s raining cats and dogs. The rain drummed wildly.
It is drizzling. It’s just spitting a little.
It’s very wet outside.
about clouds and cloudy weather:
It’s cloudy (partly-cloudy). The sky is covered with clouds.
Clouds overcast the sky. It’s gloomy.
about rainbow:
There’s a rainbow in the sky. After every storm, there is a rainbow.
Blue sky crested with a rainbow.
A rainbow is a fascinating colorful arch.
about snow:
Snow is falling softly. There was a blanket of snow.
The snow came down hard.
It was snowing all night. The snow is melting.
About lightning and storm
Lightning plays in the sky. Lightning flashed, thunder pealed.
A flash of lightning lit up the sky. A storm is coming on.
It was a dark and stormy night.
about fog:
The mist is thickening. The hills are clothed in mist. A blanket of fog covered the fields.
Heavy fog made it difficult to see the road. It's turning foggy. A fog clears (lets up or lifts).

Maybe you know any phrases that are more common to use for describing the weather? Please add.

Question

Phrases for describing the weather.
Can I say about the weather phrases like these:
about a Sun:
It’s sunny, hot (warm) and dry.
It’s clear. (I want to say that there are no clouds in the sky)
The sun is shining.
It’s a hot, shiny day.
About wind:
The wind is up. 
A wind rose.
The wind is blowing hard.
It's a lovely windy day.
About rain:
It’s raining heavily. It’s raining cats and dogs. The rain drummed wildly.
It is drizzling.  It’s just spitting a little. 
It’s very wet outside.
about clouds and cloudy weather:
It’s cloudy (partly-cloudy). The sky is covered with clouds.
Clouds overcast the sky. It’s gloomy.
about rainbow:
There’s a rainbow in the sky. After every storm, there is a rainbow.
Blue sky crested with a rainbow.
A rainbow is a fascinating colorful arch. 
about snow:
Snow is falling softly. There was a blanket of snow.
The snow came down hard.
It was snowing all night. The snow is melting.
About lightning and storm
Lightning plays in the sky. Lightning flashed, thunder pealed.
A flash of lightning lit up the sky. A storm is coming on.
It was a dark and stormy night.
about fog:
The mist is thickening. The hills are clothed in mist. A blanket of fog covered the fields.
Heavy fog made it difficult to see the road. It's turning foggy. A fog clears (lets up or lifts).

Maybe you know any phrases that are more common to use for describing the weather? Please add.

Answer

For the sun, all are good except, 'it's a shiny day.' Shiny means something else.
Wind: all technically correct but I would generally stick with, 'it's windy'.
Clouds: I wouldn't say, 'The sky is covered with clouds,' or '
Clouds overcast the sky'. It is better to say 'it (or the sky) was overcast'.
Rainbows: I don't think I've ever been as expressive or poetic as you when talking about rainbows. The most I would say is 'Look, there's a rainbow!'. Oh and don't forget that there's a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow.
Thunder and lightning expressions seem good though I wouldn't use a peal of thunder. I'd say 'there was a crack/roar of thunder.'
Your fog expressions are perfect :-)

Answer

Personally I have never hear the phrase 'the rain drummed wildly' but being Irish we often say 'it's spitting rain' meaning small drops are falling before it actually starts to pour rain!  We even say 'it's lashing rain outside' when it's really coming down hard.  We also use 'it's teeming rain'.
As it rains so much in Ireland I guess we need a variety of phrases, ha ha! 
I've never hear 'lightning plays in the sky' in everyday usage but well done on your impressive list! :)

Answer

I hear that British English has 100 different words for rain :)

Answer

"It's spitting a little", or just "it's spitting" is quite a common phrase in the UK. It means there just a few odd drops of rain falling, probably nothing to worry about and it will stop soon.

Answer

The only one that would sound odd is, regarding rain, "It's spitting a little."