I think both have the same meaning, but when people refer to a dictionary they usually say '辞書', not '字引'. I think '字引' is only used in some expressions, such as '生き字引(iki-jibiki)' meaning a knowledgeable person, especially who knows a lot about rules or past events in an organisation because he/she belongs there for a long time.

The word 　" 辞書”　and " 字引”　mean is same dictionary, 辞書is name of object. other hand 字引　is make word short form of "文字を引くもの(引くmean here check or found meaning ). Japanese old person often use "字引”　as Dictionary. This "字引”　is only use Japanese speaking language only. as our answer say "生き字引”　mean that the person who knows many thing as dictionary " Therefore those words are meaning same but ”辞書”　is a object name oneself and "字引”　is simile of dictionary .

They are the same thing but 字引 sounds so old and quaint very few people actually use it, especially those younger than, say 60. Some fixed expressions do have the word 字引 in them (eg "字引と首っ引き"(constantly using a dictionary) "生き字引"(walking encyclopedia) "字引学問"(book smartness) but I would say they are slowly falling out of usage. In a nut shell, it's like the difference between "glasses" and "spectacles." Nobody says "spectacles" unless in jest but it is the only option in such expressions as "bespectacled."

hi,Christine, Yes, they have the same meaning. でも、私の辞書では 「字引・じびき」 漠然と「辞典」類をさし、主として会話によく使った古風な日常語。 The word indefinitely refers to "dictionaries", and it is an old type of everyday expression for the word. so, in modern Japanese, 辞書　or 辞典　would be much more commonly used. FYR, we say,　辞書を引く　辞書で調べる

goo辞書によると両方とも同じものを指しますが、 日常会話において、前者よりは後者が使われる頻度といえば、異常に低いと思います。