A normative framework for the evaluation of “individual well-being and social arrangements” developed by Sen (1999), Nussbaum (2000) and other scholars (Robeyns, 2005). Core Concept: What are individuals effectively able to do and to be? (Sen, 1999, Nussbaum, 2000) -- not only structural context. Value the person as central, what matters to her intrinsically (constitutive freedoms) and instrumentally (instrumental freedoms) and what functionings, being and doing, she achieves in the process of change (Robeyns 2005). 由Sen（1999年）、Nussbaum（2000年）及其他學者（Robeyns，2005年）所發展的“個人福祉與社會安排”評估的規範框架。 核心概念：個體實際上能夠做什麼?成為什麼？（Sen，1999年，Nussbaum，2000年）——不僅僅是結構性背景。 重視個人作為中心，對她而言內在重要的事物（構成自由）和工具性重要的事物（工具性自由），以及在變革過程中她所實現的功能、存在和行動（Robeyns 2005年）。 The village lies at the far end of a gorge that rises to and altitude of over 6000 feet. 這個村莊位於一個深谷的最遠處，海拔超過6000英尺。 Concerns about possible bias or discrimination due to their rural upbringing and cultural capital only at the beginning of migration Feel unrecognizable-as-different later disguising their background by “dressing up” not mentioning details of hometown setting surrounded by migrants 對於可能因為他們的農村成長背景和文化資本而產生的偏見或歧視的擔憂 在移民初期 感到後來變得不再被認為不同 通過“打扮”來掩盖自己的背景 不提及家鄉的具體情況 被移民包圍 Applied mostly to the XS < high school attainment low-skilled, low-paid jobs in low-level plants, wholesale and retail, restaurant and hotel labor 800-1500 RMB/monthly, economically consigned to the bottom rung of a segregated migrant labor market Yet, only XS with 3-5 years of work experience realized this “The pay wasn't good," "I could barely support myself" and “there was no promising future.” --Pang Linsha, Pang Shishi and Pang Ranran 主要適用於學歷低于高中的鄉村姐妹 從事低技術、低報酬的工作，如低级工廠、批發零售、餐飲酒店等勞動 月薪 800-1500 元，在經濟上處於外來勞動力市場的底層。 然而，只有擁有 3-5 年工作經驗的鄉村姐妹才意識到這一點 「工資不高」、「勉強可以養活自己」、「沒有前途」。 XS with a vocational high school degree or higher If found professional jobs (teacher, bookkeeper in construction company) better pa