If I showed up at someone's house without calling first, I would say, "I hope you don't mind my dropping (or stopping) by unannounced (like this)." You could also substitute "my coming by," but "dropping by" (or "stopping by") emphasizes even more that the visit was unexpected or spur of the moment (=spontaneous).
The proper construction is "my dropping by," because what folllows "mind" is going to be a direct object, so it should be a noun or a pronoun or a clause, such as "I hope you don't mind that I'm dropping by unannounced." Since "dropping by" is treated as a direct object (it's a gerund/noun form of the verb), it is preceded by an adjective, in this case the possessive pronoun "my."
It would also be reasonable to say, "I hope you don't mind my dropping (or stopping) by without calling," but then if you were going to say "like this," the sentence order should be, "I hope you don't my dropping by like this without calling (first)." The "like this" refers to dropping by, and if you put it at the end of the sentence, it sounds like you "didn't call like this," which doesn't make sense and sounds very funny to the ear.