I am a U.S. native speaker and I use it.
Is it old-fashioned or "literary?" My personal check on usage is to do a search on Google News. Newspapers are usually written in good modern English that is not formal or literary, but is also free from slang and colloquialisms.
The first hit is a headline in Bloomberg News, "Why Xi Jinping Needn't Worry About China's Yield-Curve Inversion." Bloomberg News is a financial news source used by professionals.
Another is from "People" magazine. This is written in informal, conversational English and concerns the lives of celebrities, so it's definitely not old-fashioned. "So if newlyweds Gucci Mane and Keyshia Ka’oir want advice, they needn’t look any further than the Real Housewives of Atlanta star."
A third is from a concert review from the Oakland Press, a mid-sized city newspaper: "And if anyone doubted his sincerity, the singer and guitarist checked at least a dozen times during the dynamic 21-song, just over two-hour show to make sure a good time was indeed being had by all. Homme needn’t have worried."
The American Heritage Dictionary includes it, defines it simply as "contraction of 'need not,'" says nothing about it being British, and doesn't give any usage notes.
So I would say that the word "needn't" is currently used by U.S. native speakers and is a part of modern U.S. English.