Virtual meetings have become a cornerstone of modern business communication, connecting professionals across the globe with the click of a button.

Virtual meetings have become a cornerstone of modern business communication, connecting professionals across the globe with the click of a button. For English as a Second Language (ESL) speakers, participating in these meetings can present unique challenges, from understanding the flow of conversation to overcoming language barriers. However, with the right preparation and strategies, ESL speakers can thrive in virtual meetings and make meaningful contributions. This article provides practical advice for ESL professionals on how to succeed in virtual meetings, including tips on communication, preparation, active participation, and technical considerations. Whether you’re new to virtual meetings or looking to improve your skills, these strategies will help you feel confident and effective in an online business setting. <h3>1. Understand the Virtual Meeting Environment</h3>Before diving into strategies, it's important to understand the nature of virtual meetings. Virtual meetings typically take place through platforms like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet, or Skype, and involve participants from different locations joining via video, audio, or both. These meetings can be formal (such as business presentations) or informal (such as brainstorming sessions), but they all share common elements:<ul><li>Time-bound: Virtual meetings usually have a fixed duration, so staying focused and organized is key.</li><li>Technical considerations: Audio, video, internet connection, and screen sharing are crucial components that need to function smoothly.</li><li>Multilingual participants: In international meetings, participants may come from various linguistic backgrounds, which can affect the speed and clarity of communication.</li></ul>Understanding this environment will help you navigate the technical and linguistic challenges of virtual meetings. <h3>2. Preparation is Key</h3>Preparation is especially important for ESL speakers in virtual meetings. Taking the time to get ready before the meeting can boost your confidence and ensure that your contributions are clear and well-received. 2.1. Familiarize Yourself with the AgendaMost virtual meetings will have a pre-set agenda. If the meeting organizer shares the agenda beforehand, review it thoroughly. This will give you a clear understanding of what topics will be discussed, allowing you to prepare relevant points or questions. If certain terms or phrases are unfamiliar, take the time to look them up so that you can follow along during the meeting. 2.2. Prepare Key Vocabulary and PhrasesIf the meeting will focus on a specific topic, prepare key vocabulary and phrases that might come up during the discussion. For instance, if the meeting is about project management, familiarize yourself with common project management terms like "milestones," "deliverables," or "KPIs" (Key Performance Indicators). Writing down these words or phrases and practicing their pronunciation can help you feel more confident during the meeting. 2.3. Practice Your IntroductionAt the beginning of virtual meetings, participants often introduce themselves. Prepare a brief, clear introduction that includes your name, role, and a sentence about what you’ll be discussing or contributing to the meeting. Practicing this beforehand will help you feel more at ease when it's your turn to speak. <h3>3. Effective Communication Techniques</h3>Communicating effectively in a virtual meeting requires more than just language skills—it also involves clear articulation, active listening, and adapting to the virtual format. Here are some tips to improve communication: 3.1. Speak Clearly and at a Moderate PaceOne of the most important factors in virtual meetings is speaking clearly and at a moderate pace. For ESL speakers, it's easy to feel nervous and rush through sentences, but this can make your words harder to understand. Take your time, and focus on clear pronunciation and steady speech. If you’re unsure about a word or phrase, pause briefly to gather your thoughts—this is completely normal in virtual meetings. 3.2. Use Simple and Direct LanguageWhen communicating in a second language, it’s tempting to use complex vocabulary to sound more professional. However, clear and simple language is often more effective, especially in virtual meetings where audio quality can vary. Focus on getting your message across directly. For example, instead of saying, “I would like to elucidate the intricacies of this proposal,” try saying, “I’d like to explain the details of this proposal.” 3.3. Active Listening and Note-TakingVirtual meetings can sometimes feel fast-paced, especially if multiple people are speaking. To stay engaged, practice active listening by focusing on the speaker and taking notes on important points. Writing down keywords, questions, or action items will help you stay on track and ensure you understand the discussion, even if the speaker talks quickly or uses unfamiliar phrases. 3.4. Use the Chat FeatureMany virtual meeting platforms have a chat function that allows participants to send messages to the group or specific individuals. If you're unsure about something that was said, or if you need clarification on a specific point, don't hesitate to use the chat to ask a question. This can also be useful if you’re having trouble keeping up with the conversation. 3.5. Ask for ClarificationIf you don’t understand something, don’t be afraid to ask for clarification. It’s better to ask a question than to miss important information. You can use polite phrases like:<ul><li>“Could you please explain that point again?”</li><li>“I didn’t quite catch that. Could you repeat it?”</li><li>“Can you clarify what you mean by [specific term]?”</li></ul>Asking questions not only helps you stay engaged but also shows that you are paying attention. <h3>4. Engaging in the Conversation</h3>Actively participating in virtual meetings is key to making meaningful contributions, especially for ESL speakers. Here’s how to engage confidently: 4.1. Know When to SpeakIn virtual meetings, participants often speak in turns. Use visual cues, such as looking for pauses in conversation, to know when it’s appropriate to contribute. If there’s a formal structure to the meeting, wait for your turn. If the meeting is more informal, raise your hand (either physically or using the virtual hand-raise feature) to signal that you’d like to speak. 4.2. Start with a Positive or Acknowledging CommentWhen making a contribution, especially when responding to someone else’s point, it’s a good idea to start with a positive or acknowledging comment. For example:<ul><li>“I agree with what [person’s name] said, and I’d like to add…”</li><li>“That’s an excellent point. I’d like to build on it by saying…” Starting with a positive comment can help build rapport and shows that you are actively listening.</li></ul> 4.3. Use Structured ResponsesTo ensure your points are clear, especially in a second language, try to structure your responses. This can be as simple as using phrases like:<ul><li>“First, I’d like to highlight…”</li><li>“Secondly, another important factor is…”</li><li>“In conclusion, my recommendation is…”</li></ul>Using structure helps organize your thoughts and makes it easier for others to follow your contributions. <h3>5. Overcoming Technical Challenges</h3>Technical issues can disrupt virtual meetings, but being prepared can minimize the impact. Here are some tips for handling technical challenges: 5.1. Test Your EquipmentBefore the meeting, make sure your equipment is working properly. Test your microphone, speakers, and camera to ensure they function correctly. Also, check your internet connection to avoid issues with lag or disconnections during the meeting. 5.2. Use a Quiet, Professional SpaceVirtual meetings are more effective when background noise is minimized. If possible, choose a quiet room where you won’t be interrupted. Make sure your background is professional, or use the virtual background feature if available. This helps maintain focus on your message rather than distractions. 5.3. Have Backup Plans for Technical IssuesIf you experience technical difficulties, such as losing your internet connection, have a backup plan. For example, keep your phone nearby so you can dial into the meeting if needed. Additionally, inform the organizer or a colleague if you anticipate any connection problems so they are aware in advance. <h3>6. Follow-Up After the Meeting</h3>Following up after a virtual meeting is a professional way to ensure that you’ve understood the key points and to demonstrate your commitment to the discussion. Here’s how: 6.1. Send a Follow-Up EmailAfter the meeting, send a brief email summarizing your key takeaways, any action items, and any follow-up questions you may have. This shows that you were engaged and allows you to clarify anything you might have missed. 6.2. Connect on LinkedInIf the virtual meeting involved new colleagues or clients, consider connecting with them on LinkedIn. This can help you maintain the relationship and stay informed about future collaboration opportunities. Succeeding in virtual meetings as an ESL speaker may seem challenging, but with the right preparation and strategies, you can navigate these situations with confidence. By focusing on clear communication, active listening, and structured participation, you can make valuable contributions and enhance your professional presence in virtual settings. Remember, the key to success lies in preparation, practice, and a willingness to adapt and improve over time. With these tips in mind, you’ll be well-equipped to succeed in any virtual meeting, no matter the language barriers or technical challenges you might face.

How to Succeed in Virtual Meetings: A Guide for ESL Speakers

As a Chinese teacher, I’m always looking for ways to help my students connect with the language on a deeper level. I believe language learning is also about understanding the culture, history, and philosophies that make the language come alive. Today, I’d like to share two of my personal favorit

As a Chinese teacher, I’m always looking for ways to help my students connect with the language on a deeper level. I believe language learning is also about understanding the culture, history, and philosophies that make the language come alive. Today, I’d like to share two of my personal favorites: Moment in Peking, a sweeping historical novel, and Thirty Thousand Miles from Chang’an, a beautifully crafted animated film. Both of these works capture the spirit of China in different periods, and I believe they can enrich your understanding of the language and culture in profound ways. <h3>1. Moment in Peking (京华烟云) by Lin Yutang</h3><ul><li>Author: Lin Yutang</li><li>Published: 1939</li><li>Genre: Historical Fiction, Family Saga</li></ul> Moment in Peking is a novel I often recommend to students who want to grasp the depth of Chinese culture and values. It’s not just a story; it’s a journey into the heart of early 20th-century China, following the lives of three families as they navigate monumental social and political changes. The novel opens during the turbulent Boxer Rebellion and moves through the fall of the Qing Dynasty, showing us how ordinary people were affected by these seismic shifts. <ul><li>Why I Recommend It: This novel offers such a rich portrayal of family life, tradition, and the balance between modernity and Confucian values. For anyone interested in understanding the Confucian ideals of filial piety, loyalty, and duty that still influence Chinese society today, Moment in Peking provides a beautifully nuanced window into these ideas. Lin Yutang’s characters—especially the protagonist, Yao Mulan—are strong, multifaceted, and deeply connected to their culture, making their lives feel relatable even today.</li></ul> <ul><li>Tip: The novel was originally written in English and introduces Chinese idioms and philosophy in a gentle way, giving readers a sense of the rhythm and essence of the Chinese language. I often encourage my students to note down any philosophical phrases or values they encounter, as these can add so much depth to their understanding of Chinese thought.</li></ul> <ul><li>TV Adaptation: For those who might find a 600-page novel a bit daunting, there’s a TV adaptation of the same title that aired in 2005. This series does a great job capturing the main events and emotional essence of the novel, making it a wonderful option for those who prefer to watch the story unfold. The series is in Mandarin and is available on YouTube.</li></ul> <h3>2. Thirty Thousand Miles from Chang’an (长安三万里)</h3><ul><li>Directors: Xie Junwei, Zou Jing</li><li>Released: 2023</li><li>Genre: Animated Historical Film</li></ul> This animated film is set during the Tang Dynasty, a period often considered the golden age of Chinese culture, and follows the lives of two of China’s greatest poets, Li Bai and Du Fu. Watching it is like stepping into a Tang Dynasty painting, with vibrant visuals and poetic language that evoke the spirit of an era when art and intellect flourished. <ul><li>Why I Recommend It: The Tang Dynasty is a defining period in Chinese history, especially when it comes to literature and art. Li Bai and Du Fu’s poetry has an almost universal appeal, but understanding it in the original Chinese adds so much richness. The movie brings these poets to life as complex, relatable individuals, showing us their friendship, their ambitions, and the conflicts they faced as artists in a turbulent world. For students interested in classical Chinese poetry, this film is a stunning introduction.</li></ul> <ul><li>Tip: The movie includes some of Li Bai and Du Fu’s most famous poems, spoken in Mandarin. This is a fantastic way to practice listening comprehension, and the beauty of the language itself can help you appreciate Chinese tones and rhythm on a deeper level. I suggest listening to these poems a few times, focusing on how the sounds and structure create a unique cadence. You can also try memorizing a few lines—a wonderful way to connect with the language’s musicality.</li></ul> <h3>Tips for Learning Chinese Through Movies and Series</h3>One of the most effective ways to immerse yourself in the language and culture is through watching movies and series, especially those that reflect historical and cultural themes. Here are some tips I often share with my students to help them get the most out of these experiences: 1.Start with Subtitles: I usually recommend watching with Chinese subtitles, even if you’re not yet fluent in Mandarin. Reading the characters as you hear the words reinforces your understanding of vocabulary, sentence structure, and tones. If that feels overwhelming, you can start with English subtitles, then switch to Chinese when you’re more comfortable. 2.Take Notes on Key Vocabulary and Expressions: Keep a notebook or digital notes handy while you watch. Write down new words, idioms, or expressions that you find interesting. Not only will this build your vocabulary, but you’ll also start to see how language reflects cultural ideas. 3.Rewatch Important Scenes: Some scenes may feature more advanced language or key cultural elements. I suggest going back and rewatching these scenes, as they can offer valuable insights into how native speakers use tone and intonation. For example, in Moment in Peking, certain dialogues explore Confucian values in a way that shows how language carries meaning beyond just words. 4.Research Historical and Cultural Context: One of the joys of studying Chinese is discovering how deeply history is woven into the language. Taking time to read about historical events or cultural references mentioned in the works above can deepen your appreciation and make the learning experience richer.&nbsp; 5.Practice Speaking: For advanced students, I recommend pausing to repeat key phrases or lines, mimicking the pronunciation and intonation. This practice can improve both your fluency and confidence. 6.Share and Discuss: Discussing historical events, cultural values, and character motivations can deepen your understanding and bring new perspectives to the material. Plus, it’s a great way to practice using new vocabulary and expressions. Leave a comment below on what you think about the material or discuss with your teacher!&nbsp; I hope these stories inspire you to explore China’s past and bring even more meaning to your language journey. Happy learning!

Explore Chinese History through Moment in Peking and 30,000 Miles from Chang'An

CEFR Level: B1-B2 | Estimated reading time: 6-8 minutes

Language learning can be exciting, but it often brings feelings of anxiety, especially when using the language outside the classroom. This fear, known as Foreign Language Anxiety, affects learners’ confidence and progress. Studies show that anxiety is particularly high when learners step outside structured settings like classrooms and apply their skills in real-world settings (Horwitz, Horwitz &amp; Cope, 1986). However, practical strategies exist to help reduce this anxiety, making language learning a more enjoyable and natural experience both inside and outside the classroom. <h3>What is Language Anxiety?</h3>Language anxiety is a type of stress that happens when we learn and use a new language. Learners often worry about making mistakes or not understanding others, which can lead to self-doubt and frustration. Research shows that many learners feel this anxiety, especially when using the language in public or natural settings (Kráľová, 2016).Imagine a learner, Mei, who is studying English. She feels comfortable in class but gets nervous when ordering food in English at a restaurant. Mei worries that she won’t understand the server or that her accent will make her hard to understand. This fear stops her from practising English outside of her lessons.If you, like Mei, feel anxious, you’re not alone. Many learners experience this, but research suggests that practising outside the classroom and using certain techniques can make these situations less intimidating. <h3>Self-Management Techniques to Reduce Anxiety</h3>One way to feel more comfortable with your new language is to manage your learning step by step. Self-management means creating small, achievable goals and celebrating when you reach them. Recent studies show that learners who set small goals are less anxious and feel more confident using the language in daily situations (Hossain et al., 2023).For example, instead of aiming to hold long conversations right away, Mei could start by practising simple interactions, like greeting people or asking for directions. These small tasks build confidence and help her take on bigger challenges in the future. <h3>Practise Language with an Online Language Teacher</h3>Another helpful way to reduce language anxiety is by practising with an online language teacher. Online lessons provide a supportive and low-pressure space to practise speaking without fear of mistakes. Studies show that supportive, one-on-one learning environments help learners feel relaxed and willing to try new skills (Hossain et al., 2023)​.For example, Mei could take regular online lessons with a teacher who encourages her to practise real-life situations, like ordering food or asking for directions. This environment helps Mei feel less nervous because she knows her teacher will be patient and understanding. Practising online in a comfortable setting gives her the confidence to try these interactions in the real world. <h3>Repeating Phrases and Expressions</h3>A fantastic way to reduce language anxiety is through repetition. Practising common phrases, especially in simple conversations, makes them easier to remember and feel natural. Repetition strengthens memory, making it easier to recall these phrases in real situations.Imagine another learner, Olga, who is studying English. When she orders coffee, she repeats the same expression each time: “Hello, a coffee please.” Over time, ordering coffee feels less intimidating because she has used the phrase often. Repeating daily phrases like these helps Olga feel more comfortable and builds her confidence to try new conversations​. <h3>Using Focused Attention to Stay Calm</h3>Focused attention techniques can help reduce language anxiety by encouraging learners to concentrate on the present moment rather than worrying about potential mistakes. Gregersen, MacIntyre, and Meza (2014) show that when learners use strategies to stay present, like focusing on their breathing or staying focused on what is being said, they experience lower anxiety and increased comfort in real-time interactions.For example, before starting a conversation in English, Olga might take a deep breath and remind herself that it’s okay if she makes mistakes. This approach helps her focus on understanding and responding, instead of worrying about each word. By practising focused attention, Olga can enjoy the conversation and learn from it, rather than feeling nervous. <h3>Focus on Progress, Not Perfection</h3>Perfectionism often makes language anxiety worse. Instead of aiming to speak perfectly, focus on small improvements. Learners who celebrate their progress often feel more motivated and less stressed about speaking. Celebrating these small wins reminds learners of how far they’ve come and makes language learning more enjoyable (MacIntyre &amp; Gregersen, 2012).For instance, Olga might keep a language journal, writing down three achievements each week, like understanding a short conversation or using a new word correctly. By focusing on these wins, Olga builds a positive connection to language learning, making it less stressful and more rewarding. <h3>Practical Tips for Practising Outside the Classroom</h3>Here are some steps you can take to feel more confident using your language skills:1. Set Small Goals: Start with simple tasks like introducing yourself or asking a basic question. As you gain confidence, gradually increase the difficulty.2. Repeat Phrases Often: Practise key phrases that you can use in everyday life. Repetition will make these phrases feel natural and easier to recall in real situations.3. Practise with an Online Teacher: Take lessons with a teacher who can help you practise real-life situations in a safe, low-pressure environment. This helps you gain confidence and learn without fear of mistakes.4. Try Focused Attention: Before using the language, take a moment to breathe deeply and focus on being present. This can help you stay calm and communicate more comfortably.5. Celebrate Your Progress: Keep a journal of small wins, like ordering a meal or understanding a new word. Focusing on progress rather than perfection will keep you motivated and lower your anxiety. <h3>Conclusion</h3>Practising a new language outside the classroom can feel challenging, but with self-management, low-pressure practice, and focused attention, you can reduce anxiety and gain confidence. Remember, each small step is progress. Over time, using your new language will feel more natural and enjoyable. <h3>References</h3><ul><li>Gregersen, T., MacIntyre, P.D. &amp; Meza, M. (2014) ‘The motion of emotion: Idiodynamic case studies of learners’ foreign language anxiety’, Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 4(2), pp. 193-213.&nbsp;</li><li>Hauck, M. &amp; Hurd, S. (2005) ‘Exploring the link between language anxiety and learner self-management in open language learning contexts’, European Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 2005(2).</li><li>Horwitz, E.K., Horwitz, M.B. &amp; Cope, J.A. (1986) ‘Foreign language classroom anxiety’, The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), pp. 125-132.&nbsp;</li><li>Hossain, K.I., Ahmed, I. &amp; Mahmud, M.S. (2023) ‘English language anxiety in adult learners: Challenges and opportunities’, IUBAT Review, 6(2), pp. 158-183.</li><li>Kráľová, Z. (2016) Foreign language anxiety. Nitra: Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra.</li><li>MacIntyre, P.D. &amp; Gregersen, T. (2012) ‘Emotions that facilitate language learning: The positive-broadening power of the imagination’, Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2(2), pp. 193-213.</li></ul>

Overcoming Language Anxiety: Tips for Practicing Outside of the Classroom

In this article, we're exploring the rich tradition of Chinese names and guiding you in creating your own, using the Five Elements: Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water. Curious about what your Chinese name could be? Let’s dive in!

Did you know that almost 100 million people in China share the last name "Wang"? Or that 87% of the population shares one of the top 100 surnames? In Chinese culture, a name isn't just a label—it’s a reflection of your identity and destiny. In this article, we're exploring the rich tradition of Chinese names and guiding you in creating your own, using the Five Elements: Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water. Curious about what your Chinese name could be? Let’s dive in! <h3>Chinese Naming Fun Facts: What Makes a Name Special?</h3>One of the first things you’ll notice is that Chinese last names come before first names. So, instead of John Smith, you’d say Smith John. Another difference between Chinese and western names is that it’s a huge taboo to name someone after ancestors or historical figures, especially in ancient times when naming a child after an emperor or royal family member was forbidden. So, you won't find many families recycling grandparent names like "John Jr.".Since Chinese last names are widely shared among the population, first names are where things get really creative. Parents put a lot of thought into choosing a meaningful and unique first name for their child, often combining characters that represent virtues, nature, or wishes for the child’s future.&nbsp;Chinese first names can be made up of one or two characters. In this article, I will help you find your Chinese first name which will be made up of two characters (the more characters, the more unique).Now, let’s get started! We will begin with something ancient and mystical—the five natural elements. <h3>The Five Elements: What’s Missing from Your Destiny?</h3>In traditional Chinese philosophy, everything in the universe is believed to be made up of five natural elements: Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water. Each of these elements plays a role in balancing a person’s life and destiny. When creating a Chinese name, people often consult Bazi (a form of Chinese astrology) to find the person’s missing element, and thus find a character representing that missing element to complement the person’s life.&nbsp; <h3>How to Find Your Missing Element</h3>You can calculate which element is missing by consulting a Bazi calculator (<a href="https://fsinmotion.com/bazi-calculator/">https://fsinmotion.com/bazi-calculator/</a>) online, based on your birth date.&nbsp;Once you know which element you’re missing, you can pick the first character of your Chinese name that aligns with it.Here is an overview of what each element means:<ul><li>Wood (木 Mù) – Growth, vitality, and flexibility. People who need Wood might benefit from names that suggest strength and development.</li><li>Fire (火 Huǒ) – Passion, warmth, and energy. If Fire is your missing element, a name that symbolizes brightness and excitement might bring balance.</li><li>Earth (土 Tǔ) – Stability, nourishment, and support. Missing Earth? Names that represent grounding and reliability could help center you.</li><li>Metal (金 Jīn) – Strength, clarity, and discipline. Those lacking Metal might want a name with meanings related to fortitude and precision.</li><li>Water (水 Shuǐ) – Fluidity, adaptability, and wisdom. If Water is missing, a name that represents peace, intelligence, or flow may enhance your life.</li></ul> <h3>Choosing Your First Character: Bring Balance to Your Life</h3>Now that you know your missing element, it’s time to choose the first character of your Chinese name. Here are some examples of characters that correspond to each element:Wood:<img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/csdm1jktovf7vrat7r2g.png"> Fire:<img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/csdm1ne99r2kli8jm63g.png"> Earth:<img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/csdm1q699r2kli8jm64g.png"> Metal:<img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/csdm1t6fr3bv9nv0b5cg.png"> Water:<img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/csdm1vm99r2kli8jm66g.png">﻿<h3>Choosing Your Second Character: Popular Chinese Words</h3>Once you’ve found the first character from your missing element, you can choose a second character to complete your name. Here are the top 10 popular words that were most loved by parents in 2021. <img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/csdm25e99r2kli8jm69g.png"> For example, if your missing element is Water and you like the character 淼 (miǎo), you could pair it with 辰 (chén) to create the name 淼辰 (miǎo chén), which could mean "boundless stars." Or, if your missing element is Earth and you like the character 安 (ān), you might choose 泽 (zé) to create 安泽 (ān zé), which could mean "brilliant peace." <h3>Your Chinese Name, Your Identity</h3>Creating a Chinese name is an exciting and personal journey. By using the wisdom of the five elements and picking meaningful characters, you’re not just finding a name—you’re creating an identity that reflects balance, personality, and culture. So, what are you waiting for? Find your missing element and start crafting your perfect Chinese name today!&nbsp;Comment your Chinese name below!

Find Your Chinese Name with Your Missing Element

This article will explore key elements of a successful business presentation in English, offering practical tips on structure, delivery, language, and engagement to help you excel in a professional setting.

Delivering a successful business presentation requires a combination of language skills, confidence, and clear communication. For non-native English speakers, presenting in English can be particularly challenging, but with the right preparation and strategies, you can master the art of business presentations. This article will explore key elements of a successful business presentation in English, offering practical tips on structure, delivery, language, and engagement to help you excel in a professional setting. <h3>1. Planning and Structuring Your Presentation</h3>The first step in delivering a strong presentation is organizing your content. A clear structure will help your audience follow your message and ensure that you convey all your key points effectively. Here’s a simple yet effective structure to guide you:<ul><li>Introduction: Start by introducing yourself, the topic, and the purpose of your presentation. Capture the audience’s attention with a strong opening statement, a relevant statistic, or a thought-provoking question.</li><li>Body: Divide your main content into three to five key points. Organize them logically, moving from one point to the next in a way that builds upon your argument or message.</li><li>Conclusion: Summarize your key points and finish with a strong closing statement. This could be a call to action, a memorable quote, or a final thought that leaves the audience with something to think about.</li></ul> <h3>2. Using Clear and Concise Language</h3>When presenting in English, especially as an ESL speaker, it’s crucial to use simple, direct language. Avoid jargon, idioms, and overly complex sentence structures that may confuse your audience. Remember that your goal is to communicate your message.Here are some tips for simplifying your language:<ul><li>Use Short Sentences: Long, complicated sentences are harder to follow. Stick to short sentences that are easy to understand.</li><li>Be Direct: Avoid unnecessary words or filler language. Focus on your main message.</li><li>Avoid Idioms and Slang: These phrases can be misunderstood or misinterpreted, especially by non-native speakers in a diverse audience.</li><li>Repeat Key Points: Repetition helps reinforce your message. Don’t be afraid to summarize or revisit your main ideas throughout the presentation.</li></ul>Example:Instead of saying, “We’re over the moon about the stellar performance of our latest product, which has outpaced its competitors by leaps and bounds,” you can simplify this to: “We are very pleased with the strong performance of our latest product, which has performed better than our competitors.” <h3>3. Engaging Your Audience</h3>One of the most important aspects of a successful presentation is keeping your audience engaged. Even with the best content, if your audience is bored or disengaged, your message may not resonate.To engage your audience:<ul><li>Use Visuals: Visual aids, such as slides, charts, graphs, and images, can help illustrate your points and make your presentation more engaging. Be sure to use visuals that are clear, relevant, and not overcrowded with text.</li><li>Ask Questions: Asking the audience questions throughout your presentation helps keep them involved. This can be as simple as, “What do you think about this?” or “Does anyone have experience with this?”</li><li>Tell Stories: People relate to stories, so incorporating relevant anecdotes or examples can make your presentation more relatable and memorable.</li><li>Use Body Language: Non-verbal communication is just as important as your words. Make eye contact, use open gestures, and move around the room to keep the audience’s attention.</li></ul> <h3>4. Mastering Pronunciation and Intonation</h3>As an ESL speaker, pronunciation and intonation can be a challenge, but they play a crucial role in how your message is perceived. Mispronouncing key words or using flat intonation can make your presentation harder to follow.Pronunciation Tips:<ul><li>Practice Key Vocabulary: Before your presentation, identify any difficult words or industry-specific terms. Practice pronouncing them clearly to ensure that your audience understands you.</li><li>Slow Down: Speaking too quickly can make it harder for your audience to follow, especially if they are not native English speakers. Make a conscious effort to slow down and articulate each word clearly.</li><li>Use Pauses Effectively: Pauses allow your audience to absorb information and give you a moment to collect your thoughts. Pausing after key points also emphasizes their importance.</li></ul> Intonation Tips:<ul><li>Vary Your Tone: A monotonous voice can cause your audience to lose interest. Use changes in pitch and volume to emphasize important points and maintain engagement.</li><li>Emphasize Key Words: Make sure to stress important words in each sentence to ensure clarity and emphasis.</li></ul> <h3>5. Handling Nerves and Building Confidence</h3>Nerves are common, especially when presenting in a second language, but there are ways to manage them. Confidence comes from preparation and practice, so take the time to rehearse and familiarize yourself with your content.Tips for Managing Nervousness:<ul><li>Practice: The more you practice, the more comfortable you’ll feel. Practice in front of a mirror, record yourself, or present to a friend or colleague who can provide feedback.</li><li>Prepare for Questions: Think about potential questions that might arise and prepare answers. This will make you feel more confident and in control during the Q&amp;A session.</li><li>Focus on Breathing: Deep, steady breathing can help calm your nerves. Before starting your presentation, take a few deep breaths to center yourself.</li></ul> Building Confidence:<ul><li>Know Your Material: The better you know your content, the more confident you will feel. Don’t memorize your presentation word-for-word; instead, focus on mastering the key points.</li><li>Visualize Success: Before presenting, take a moment to visualize yourself delivering a successful presentation. Imagine the audience reacting positively and your message being well-received.</li></ul> <h3>6. Interacting with the Audience During Q&amp;A</h3>The question-and-answer (Q&amp;A) session can be one of the most nerve-wracking parts of a presentation, but it’s also an opportunity to engage further with your audience and clarify any uncertainties.Tips for a Successful Q&amp;A:<ul><li>Listen Carefully: When a question is asked, listen carefully and make sure you understand it before answering. If necessary, ask the person to repeat or clarify the question.</li><li>Stay Calm: Even if a question catches you off-guard, stay calm and take a moment to think before responding.</li><li>Be Honest: If you don’t know the answer, it’s okay to say so. Offer to follow up later with more information, or direct the person to a colleague who may be able to help.</li></ul> <h3>7. Cultural Sensitivity in International Presentations</h3>When presenting to a diverse audience, it’s essential to be aware of cultural differences. What is considered polite or professional in one culture may not be the same in another. As a presenter, being culturally sensitive can help you avoid misunderstandings and ensure that your message is received positively.Tips for Cultural Sensitivity:<ul><li>Research Your Audience: Before your presentation, research the cultural norms of your audience. Consider factors such as formal versus informal language, body language, and communication styles.</li><li>Avoid Humor: While humor can be effective in presentations, it doesn’t always translate well across cultures. Be cautious when using jokes, as they may be misunderstood.</li><li>Be Inclusive: Use inclusive language that respects diversity and avoids assumptions about your audience’s backgrounds or experiences.</li></ul> <h3>8. Practice Makes Perfect</h3>As with any skill, the more you practice giving presentations, the better you’ll become. Record your presentations, seek peer feedback, and continue refining your approach. Over time, your confidence and ability to deliver successful business presentations in English will grow. Delivering a business presentation in English, especially as a non-native speaker, may seem daunting, but you can succeed with careful preparation, practice, and the right strategies. Focus on clear communication, engage your audience, and build your confidence through practice. By following the tips and techniques in this article, you’ll be well on your way to delivering effective, impactful presentations in the business world.With these insights, you’ll improve your language skills and enhance your professional communication, becoming a more effective and persuasive speaker in any business setting.

Making a Successful Business Presentation in English: Tips and Best Practices

Whether you're a seasoned traveller or embarking on your first business trip, this guide offers valuable insights to help you navigate the complexities of business travel with ease and efficiency.

Business travel is an integral part of many professionals' lives, offering opportunities to meet clients, attend conferences, and explore new markets. However, frequent business travel can be both exciting and exhausting. Whether you're a seasoned traveller or embarking on your first business trip, this guide offers valuable insights to help you navigate the complexities of business travel with ease and efficiency. <h3>1. Preparing for Your Business Trip</h3>Preparation is key to a successful business trip. Here are some essential steps to ensure you're well-prepared: 1.1. Research Your Destination Understanding the culture, customs, and business etiquette of your destination can significantly impact the success of your trip. Take time to research the local language, dress code, and social norms. Familiarizing yourself with the area’s geography, transportation options, and local currency will also help you navigate with confidence. 1.2. Organize Your Itinerary A well-organized itinerary is crucial for maximizing productivity during your trip. Ensure that all meetings, conferences, and events are scheduled and that you have enough time between appointments to travel, rest, and prepare. Use apps or digital calendars to keep track of your schedule and set reminders. 1.3. Pack Smartly Packing for business travel requires a balance between being prepared and avoiding overpacking. Start with the essentials: business attire, comfortable travel clothes, toiletries, and any necessary work materials such as laptops, chargers, and presentation documents. Consider packing versatile clothing items that can be mixed and matched to save space. 1.4. Plan for Health and Wellness Traveling can take a toll on your health, so it's important to plan accordingly. Bring any necessary medications, stay hydrated, and pack healthy snacks for the journey. If you have time, research nearby gyms or parks where you can exercise to keep your energy levels up. <h3>2. Managing Travel Logistics</h3>Efficiently managing the logistics of your trip can save you time, money, and stress. 2.1. Booking Flights and Accommodations When booking flights, consider factors like layover times, airport locations, and flight duration. Direct flights are often more expensive but can save you hours of travel time. When choosing accommodations, prioritize proximity to your meeting locations and amenities like Wi-Fi, breakfast, and a business center. 2.2. Handling Transportation Upon arrival, you’ll need to navigate local transportation. Depending on the city, you may have the option of using public transit, rideshares, or renting a car. For international travel, research the best transportation options in advance to avoid last-minute stress. 2.3. Navigating Airports Airports can be a major source of stress, but planning can make the experience smoother. Arrive early to allow time for security checks, and consider signing up for programs like TSA PreCheck or Global Entry to expedite the process. Keep your travel documents, boarding passes, and identification easily accessible. 2.4. Expense Management Business trips can become costly, so managing expenses is crucial. Keep track of all receipts and use expense-tracking apps to record your spending in real time. Be aware of your company’s travel policies, including per diem allowances and expense report procedures, to ensure you stay within budget. <h3>3. Maintaining Productivity While Traveling</h3>Staying productive while on the road can be challenging, but with the right strategies, you can maintain your work performance. 3.1. Setting Up a Mobile Office Create a mobile office to ensure you can work from anywhere. Bring essential tools such as a laptop, portable charger, noise-canceling headphones, and reliable internet access. Many airports, hotels, and cafes offer Wi-Fi, but consider using a mobile hotspot for secure connections. 3.2. Managing Time Zones Dealing with different time zones can be tricky, especially if you need to coordinate with colleagues or clients in other regions. Use world clock apps to keep track of time differences and plan your work schedule accordingly. If possible, gradually adjust your sleep schedule before traveling to minimize jet lag. 3.3. Staying Connected Staying in touch with your team while traveling is essential. Utilize communication tools like Slack, Zoom, and email to stay updated on important developments. If you’re traveling internationally, ensure your phone plan includes international roaming, or consider using a local SIM card. 3.4. Prioritizing Tasks With limited time and many distractions, it’s important to prioritize your tasks. Use time management techniques like the Eisenhower Matrix to focus on urgent and important tasks first. Delegate or postpone less critical tasks to ensure you stay on top of your work. <h3>4. Networking and Building Relationships</h3>Business travel provides unique opportunities to network and build relationships with colleagues, clients, and industry professionals. 4.1. Attending Conferences and Events Conferences and industry events are prime opportunities for networking. Prepare by researching attendees, planning who you want to meet, and practicing your elevator pitch. Bring plenty of business cards and follow up with new contacts after the event. 4.2. Building Rapport with Clients Meeting clients in person is a chance to strengthen your professional relationship. Take the time to understand their needs, listen actively, and demonstrate your expertise. Building rapport can lead to long-term partnerships and new business opportunities. 4.3. Exploring Local Culture Immersing yourself in the local culture can enrich your business trip experience. Whether it’s dining at a local restaurant, visiting cultural landmarks, or simply engaging with locals, these experiences can provide valuable insights and make your trip more memorable. 4.4. Following Up After the Trip After returning home, it’s important to follow up on any new connections or business opportunities. Send personalized emails to thank your hosts, recap key discussions, and outline next steps. This follow-up can reinforce your relationships and set the stage for future collaborations. <h3>5. Balancing Work and Leisure</h3>While business travel is focused on work, it’s important to find a balance between professional obligations and personal enjoyment. 5.1. Scheduling Downtime Business trips can be exhausting, so it’s essential to schedule some downtime. Whether it’s a quick walk between meetings or a leisurely dinner in the evening, taking time to relax will help you recharge and stay focused. 5.2. Exploring Your Destination If your schedule allows, take some time to explore your destination. Sightseeing, trying local cuisine, or visiting museums can add an element of leisure to your trip and make the experience more enjoyable. 5.3. Maintaining Work-Life Balance Maintaining work-life balance while traveling requires discipline. Set boundaries between work and personal time, and communicate these boundaries to colleagues. Ensure you’re not working around the clock and make time for self-care. <h3>6. Overcoming Common Business Travel Challenges</h3>Business travel is not without its challenges, but being prepared can help you overcome them. 6.1. Dealing with Travel Fatigue Travel fatigue is a common issue for frequent travelers. To combat it, prioritize rest, stay hydrated, and maintain a healthy diet. Consider practicing mindfulness or meditation to manage stress and improve your mental well-being. 6.2. Handling Unforeseen Issues Despite careful planning, unforeseen issues like flight delays, lost luggage, or last-minute changes can arise. Stay flexible, have a backup plan, and maintain a positive attitude. Travel insurance can also provide peace of mind in case of emergencies. 6.3. Staying Safe Safety should always be a priority when traveling. Keep your belongings secure, be aware of your surroundings, and avoid risky areas, especially when traveling alone. Register with your embassy if traveling internationally, and have emergency contacts readily available. Traveling for business can be a rewarding experience, offering opportunities for professional growth, networking, and exploring new places. By planning carefully, staying organized, and maintaining a balance between work and leisure, you can make the most of your business trips and turn them into valuable experiences. Whether you're navigating a new city or closing a major deal, these tips will help you travel with confidence and success. What's your top tip for making the most out of a business trip?Have you encountered any unique challenges on a business trip? How did you overcome them?Which destination has been your favourite for a business trip, and why?Do you have any packing hacks that save you time and space?

Traveling for Business: Tips, Tricks, and Essential Advice

CEFR Level: B1-B2 | Estimated Reading Time: 5-7 Minutes

As an ESL teacher, I always look for effective ways to help my students improve their English listening skills. One of the most helpful strategies, backed by research, is surprisingly simple: listening to the same text twice. A recent study published in TESOL Quarterly by Franz Holzknecht and Luke Harding (2023) shows how this method can significantly improve understanding, especially when learning English as a second language. But why is listening twice so helpful, and how can you use this technique in your learning? <h3>Why Listening Twice Helps</h3>Listening to a recording only once makes it easy to miss details—especially if the speaker has an unfamiliar accent or speaks quickly. The research by Holzknecht and Harding found that when students listened to a text twice, they understood more and felt more confident about their answers. Listening twice allows you to first understand the main idea, and then focus on the details during the second listening. This method is particularly useful in language tests or real-life situations where it’s important to understand everything clearly. For example, think about a situation where you’re listening to a lecture or a conversation in English. If the speaker has a strong accent or uses vocabulary you’re not familiar with, you might feel overwhelmed and struggle to keep up. Listening twice gives you a second chance to catch those important points that you might have missed the first time. It’s like rewinding a film to rewatch a scene you didn’t fully understand. This approach not only helps you improve your comprehension but also boosts your confidence in your listening abilities. <h3>Lowering Your Anxiety</h3>Listening exercises, especially in a test or classroom setting, can be stressful. You might feel pressured to catch every word the first time, which can make you anxious and affect your understanding. However, the study showed that when students knew they would have a second chance to listen, their anxiety levels dropped significantly. With less stress, students could focus better on what they were hearing, leading to better understanding and remembering of the information. Anxiety can be a major barrier to effective listening. When you’re anxious, your brain is less able to process information because it’s focused on the stress rather than on understanding the content. By knowing you’ll have a second opportunity to listen, you can relax more during the first listen, allowing your brain to work more effectively. This makes the listening process less about survival and more about truly understanding and learning from the material. Reducing anxiety can be especially helpful in high-stakes situations, like exams, where every point counts. <h3>Focusing on Real Understanding</h3>Another interesting finding from the research was how students’ strategies improved when they knew they could listen twice. Instead of just trying to catch keywords to guess the answers, students were able to think more deeply about what they were hearing. This deeper thinking allowed them to better understand the context and meaning of the text, rather than just focusing on individual words. The second listening gave them the chance to check their initial understanding and improve their overall comprehension. For instance, during the first listen, you might focus on understanding the general topic or the main idea. You might catch some keywords and phrases, but not fully grasp the details. During the second listen, you can pay attention to how these details fit into the bigger picture. This process helps you develop a more complete understanding of the text, which is crucial for mastering a new language. The ability to listen for both the big picture and the finer details is an important skill in language learning, and listening twice helps you practice and improve this skill. <h3>The Role of Listening Strategies</h3>Holzknecht and Harding’s study also showed that students used better listening strategies when they knew they could listen twice. These strategies are techniques or methods that help you understand what you hear. Listening strategies can include things like predicting what the speaker will say next, paying attention to the tone of voice, or even visualizing what is being described. These strategies are useful because they actively involve you in the listening process, making it easier to understand and remember what you hear. By listening twice, you have more opportunities to use and refine these strategies, which will make you a better listener over time. This is not just about understanding one particular text better—it’s about becoming a more skilled and confident listener overall. <h3>How You Can Use This in Your Learning</h3>Whether you’re preparing for an exam, working on your listening skills for everyday communication, or just trying to improve your English, here are a few tips to make the most of listening twice:<ul><li>Practice Listening Twice: Try this method with your listening exercises. On the first listen, focus on understanding the general idea or main points. On the second listen, pay attention to specific details, vocabulary, and the speaker's tone. Over time, this will help you become more comfortable with different accents and speech patterns.</li><li>Stay Calm: Remember, it’s okay if you don’t catch everything the first time. Knowing you can listen again can help you stay calm and improve your understanding. This mindset shift is crucial for reducing anxiety and allowing your brain to focus on comprehension rather than just survival.</li><li>Use Different Strategies: Engage more deeply with the content. Try to predict what might come next, relate the new information to what you already know, and think about the context. These strategies will help you during the second listen and improve your overall listening skills. Each time you listen, you can practice different strategies, helping you to find the ones that work best for you.</li><li>Adjust to Different Accents: Listening twice can be particularly helpful when dealing with unfamiliar accents. The first listen helps you adjust to the accent and the speaker’s rhythm, while the second listen allows you to catch any details you might have missed.</li></ul> <h3>Final Thoughts</h3>Improving your listening skills takes practice, but sometimes a simple change, like listening to something twice, can make a big difference. By lowering your anxiety and allowing for deeper understanding, this method can help you become more confident and successful in your English learning. As your teacher, I’m here to help you discover and use the strategies that work best for you. So next time we do a listening activity, don’t be surprised if I hit the play button a second time—you might find that it helps you understand more and feel more confident in your English skills.Remember, progress comes with consistent practice. Reflect on how these strategies help you improve over time, and keep applying them in different situations to see the best results.Looking forward to our next lesson together! Let’s keep working on those listening skills and explore more ways to make your learning experience as effective as possible. <h3>Reference</h3>Holzknecht, F. and Harding, L., (2023) ‘Repeating the Listening Text: Effects on Listener Performance, Metacognitive Strategy Use, and Anxiety’ TESOL Quarterly, 58(1), pp. 451-478.

How Listening Twice Can Boost Your English Skills

In this article today, I will share with you 10 back-to-school vocabularies.

We are in the midst of school season. It's been a month since schools have started and it is also one of the busiest seasons across the globe: vacations are over, everyone is back to work, and roads are jammed.Going to school is fun. You meet new friends. You learn new things. You enroll in different extracurricular activities. In this article today, I will share with you 10 back-to-school vocabularies. 1. “Il primo giorno di scuola è sempre inutile.” - the first day of school is always useless&nbsp; Don't you agree that the first day of school is pretty useless? It is a global fact that the first day of school can be skipped and the above sentence expresses it well.&nbsp;If you want to skip the first day of the lessons and stay home, then feel free to use the above. 2.“La ricreazione e’ alle 10:30” - the break time is at 10:30 AM “La ricreazione” is a word that can mean many things. It can mean break time, playtime, or relaxation time. In Italy, in every single school, it is very common to say “la ricreazione” when professors and students take a break. During this break, which typically lasts between 15 to 20 minutes, students eat a quick snack, chit-chat for a few minutes, and then get back to classes 3.“Ho tanti compiti da fare” - I have a lot of homework to do. Compiti is the word that translates to homework. In Italy, every single student right after school has “compiti” to do. You can only go out and play with your friends after you are done with your “compiti” 4.“L’anno scolatisco inizia a settembre” -&nbsp;the school calendar starts in September. “L’anno scolatisco” doesn’t translate to the school calendar. In this case, “anno” means year. However, the best way to translate “l’anno scolatisco” is school calendar. In Italy, the school calendar goes from mid-September until the beginning of June, to then have 3 months of summer holidays. 5.“L’anno scorso sono stato bocciato” - Last year I have failed the year. “Bocciare” means to fail. However, in this particular instance, it means to fail multiple classes.When a student tells you “sono stato bocciato”, it means that he/she is repeating the whole year. It is not just about failing a course only, but it is about failing many classes, and in this situation, the students are forced to repeat the whole year before moving into the next year. 6.“Domani abbiamo la classe di educazione fisica” - Tomorrow, we have the course of gym “Educazione fisica” in English is translated to physical education which is the gym course that the school curriculum offers. “Educazione fisica” is the formal way of expressing gym. The class itself consists of learning about the human body, and sports, and during this class, you learn the theory and practice sports.&nbsp; 7. “Pranzero’ nella mensa scolastica” - I&nbsp;will lunch in the school canteen. “Mensa scolastica” is directly translated to the school canteen. Typically in the canteen, you can bring your lunch or get the lunch provided by the school. Depending on what grade you are in, lunch is typically included in the school fees. Although you are not paying anything at the moment, it is something you have already paid 8. “La campenella suona alle 8:30” - The bell rings at 8:30 AM&nbsp; In Italy, when it is time to go inside your class, it will be typically marked by the sound of the bell. The bell rings when classes start and finish.“La campanella” comes from the word -&nbsp;“campana” which means bell. Campana is the bigger bell, the one you see in the church, and campanella is the smaller one that you have in your school building. 9. “Prendo nota dei compiti nel mio diario di scuola” - I take note of my homework in the school diary “Diario di scuola” is your planner, agenda, or school diary. This is where you take notes of every single thing that your professors tell you, whether it is homework or exam dates.&nbsp;In Italy, school diaries are usually bought and not given for free by your institution 10. “Domani facciamo una gita scolastica”-&nbsp;Tomorrow, we will go to a school trip&nbsp; “Gita scholastica” is the school trip that the school organizes. It is typically a day trip and usually one goes outside of the city.&nbsp;These school trips are usually educational. You are typically taken to a different city, to museums, archeological places, or even historical places.Another way of saying that you are going on a school trip is also “domani andiamo in gita” which means going on a school trip. A lot of Italian expressions when it comes back to school vocabulary do not reassemble at all any English words. The above expressions are very specific to the Italian language and by learning these 10 expressions, you will also learn something new about the Italian school culture.&nbsp;

10 Back to School Vocabulary in Italian

If you are looking at some vacancies available to work in Italy, then this article is for you!

At some point in your career – either academic- or work-related – you have experienced that feeling of getting ready for a job interview, especially if the business you are interested in is posting new opportunities you don’t want to miss out.&nbsp;If you are looking at some vacancies available to work in Italy, then this article is for you! Indeed, I am going to tell you more about:&nbsp;• Some of the most common questions you may be asked to answer from the&nbsp;interviewer&nbsp;• How to answer professionally and make sure to deliver the right message to your&nbsp;interlocutor&nbsp;• And lastly, some useful vocabulary you may need to make you stand out and nail the&nbsp;interview&nbsp; Disclaimer: please note that I am not a recruiter and all the questions we are going through in this article are based only on my experience as an interviewee. Despite this, I&nbsp;hope my article will provide you with some useful hints and if you want to see any more&nbsp;Business Italian articles from me in the future, please let me know in the comment section down below.&nbsp;Let’s get started!&nbsp; A job interview usually follows the same steps, and the conversation is very likely to start with some very quick greetings and small talk, then the interviewer may introduce themselves first and right after start asking questions to know more about you. The first question is usually very general and ice-breaking.&nbsp;It aims to make you feel comfortable by talking about what you have more confidence with, that is to say: YOU.&nbsp; 1. Buongiorno, mi parli di LeiThrough this question, the interviewer wants to know something about you (Lei is the formal second-person pronoun for Tu) and your professional background. This is an open question, so it gives you a lot of ground to cover, but I suggest that you be very straight to the point and avoid beating around the bush. You can talk about your academic and professional background, what experiences you have in that field, and in general something that is related to the job position you are applying to, and could give the interviewer the feeling that you are the right fit for the role.&nbsp; Let's see an example:&nbsp;&nbsp;Dopo aver conseguito la Laurea Magistrale in (degree, e.g. Economia aziendale), sono&nbsp;stato/-a assunto/-a presso (what kind of company and sector you worked in, e.g. presso&nbsp;un’azienda nel settore metalmeccanico).&nbsp;Ho lavorato 5 anni (years of experience) in contabilità (job division in the company)/come&nbsp;contabile (job position you covered during that time) e ho avuto modo di crescere molto in&nbsp;questo settore.&nbsp;Motivo per il quale, dopo 5 anni di esperienza acquisiti all’interno di un team di 10 persone,&nbsp;sono stato promosso a manager del reparto.&nbsp; 2. Di cosa si occupava quando lavorava a/per (company/brand name)...?&nbsp;This question aims to give the interviewer more details about your previous work experiences with other companies. They want to know what job positions you covered in your previous jobs and understand if you could be a good candidate and have the experience they need for the role.&nbsp;An example of an answer you can give is:&nbsp;Il ruolo che ricoprivo presso ____ (company name) era principalmente di&nbsp;amministrazione e contabilità. Mi occupavo di (your tasks and duties, e.g. emissione&nbsp;e registrazione delle fatture e di note di credito o debito). Ero responsabile della parte&nbsp;relativa alle vendite, perciò emettevo fatture e documenti di trasporto, registravo i pagamenti e sollecitavo direttamente i clienti in merito ai pagamenti scaduti.)&nbsp;Note that in Italian when we talk about habits, or recurrent actions we used to do in the past, especially in the form of storytelling, we use the Imperfetto mood.&nbsp; 3. Come mai si è candidato/-a a questa posizione?&nbsp;Here the interviewer wants to hear from you if you’re genuinely interested in the position and what contribution you can give to the company with your skills.&nbsp;Make sure to read carefully the job post before you apply, and study what kind of skills are required to perform that specific job role.An example of the answer can be:&nbsp; Penso che la mia esperienza di quasi 5 anni nel mondo___(sector, e.g. del marketing) mi&nbsp;abbia insegnato (Congiuntivo mood)... (list at least 3 things you learnt and mastered from&nbsp;your previous job experiences that are relevant for this job position, e.g. a gestire i contatti&nbsp;e le relazioni con le persone in maniera professionale). Infatti, ho sin da subito appreso ad&nbsp;essere flessibile e a saper gestire le priorità, rispettando sempre le scadenze.&nbsp;Inoltre, la mia formazione in ___ (sector, e.g. comunicazione e marketing) mi ha fornito gli&nbsp;strumenti necessari allo sviluppo delle mie competenze tecniche in modo efficace.&nbsp; 4. Quali considera i suoi punti di forza e debolezza?&nbsp;Through this question, the interviewer wants to know whether you can self-assess your skills, by balancing strengths and weaknesses.&nbsp;What is important here, is your ability to describe yourself efficiently, namely, by mentioning what is considered relevant for the job position, and of course, giving an overview of yourself by considering both sides of your personality.&nbsp;So, if you are applying for a position in a team, surely it is worth mentioning that you can work.&nbsp;An example of the answer can be:&nbsp;Mi reputo una persona molto precisa e attenta al dettaglio. Quando mi trovo di fronte ad&nbsp;una problematica, mi focalizzo principalmente sulla natura del problema, andando ad&nbsp;identificare l’elemento scatenante. Questa capaictà mi permette di essere molto analitico&nbsp;nel mio lavoro e a lavorare con grande precisione. Tuttavia, riconosco per potrebbe essere&nbsp;anche un mio punto debole, perché analizzare il singolo problema, a volte, non mi permette&nbsp;di avere il quadro completo della situazione e quindi a non avere tutte le informazioni&nbsp;necessarie per arrivare alla risoluzione.&nbsp; 5. Perché dovremmo assumerla?&nbsp;Through this question, the interviewer wants to know from you what contributions you can give to the company with your skills.&nbsp;Be sure to be as thorough as possible and, of course, to convince them that you are the right person!&nbsp;An example of the answer can be:&nbsp;Credo che la mia formazione accademica e professionale sia (Congiuntivo mood) in linea con&nbsp;la figura che state cercando.&nbsp;Posso, infatti, vantare 5 anni di esperienza nel settore, che mi hanno permesso di crescere&nbsp;dal punto di vista professionale, ma anche personale.Sono fluente anche in inglese e francese perché ho vissuto e studiato 5 anni a Londra e 4 a&nbsp;Parigi. La padronanza di queste lingue mi ha permesso di lavorare sempre con un pubblico&nbsp;internazionale e multiculturale.&nbsp; 6. Dove si vede tra 5 anni a livello lavorativo?&nbsp;This question is for planners and focus-oriented people. Just kidding!&nbsp;You have to show the interviewer you are a driven and confident person, who knows very well what goals to achieve and of course, who dreams big.&nbsp;An example of the answer can be:&nbsp;Fra cinque anni vorrei (Conditional mood) arrivare a ricoprire un ruolo di responsabilità e&nbsp;gestire un proprio team.&nbsp;Sono certo che in questa azienda avrò l’opportunità di crescere professionalmente e di&nbsp;costruire ed implementare le conoscenze necessarie al raggiungimento del mio obiettivo.&nbsp;Sono fiducioso che tale prospettiva potrà concretizzarsi per la mia crescita professionale, ma&nbsp;anche personale.&nbsp; 7. Ha domande?/Desira avere chiarimenti su qualche aspetto in particolare? It is now your turn to really show them interest!&nbsp;This is an open question, which more than knowing if you have any curiosity related to a specific aspect, wants to understand if you are really interested in the position.&nbsp;Prove the interviewer right!&nbsp;So, make always sure to prepare a bunch of questions the days before the interview. A good question could start:&nbsp;Sì, vorrei avere maggiori informazioni su... (topic, any doubt you have e.g. sul tipo di attività&nbsp;quotidiane che spetteranno al candidato)&nbsp;You can also reply with another open question:&nbsp;Se potesse, quale consiglio darebbe alla risorsa selezionata?&nbsp; The interview has finished!&nbsp;Congratulations!&nbsp;Now, let’s move to some Useful VOCABULARY to enrich your Answers! Let's see what adjectives you can use to demonstrate responsibility:• Puntuale: Sono una persona puntuale e cerco di rispettare sempre le scadenze • Responsabile: quando accetto un incarico, mi ritengo responsabile a 360° • Costante: Sono costante e spesso riesco a raggiungere i miei obiettivi • Affidabile: Mi ritengo una persona affidabile perché cerco sempre di rispettare la&nbsp;mia parola.&nbsp; Let's see now what adjectives you can use to demonstrate enthusiasm:&nbsp;• Ottimista: (both for men and women) Penso di essere una persona molto ottimista,&nbsp;vedo sempre il lato positivo degli eventi.&nbsp;• Appassionato: Sono molto appassionato del mio lavoro&nbsp;• Determinato: Sono sempre stato molto determinato nel raggiungere i miei obiettivi • Volenteroso: Credo che le persone volenterose siano quelle che hanno più possibiltà&nbsp;di fare carriera&nbsp; And lastly, let’s see what adjectives you can use to demonstrate teamwork:&nbsp;• Di aiuto: Mi piace sentirmi di aiuto per le persone&nbsp;• Incoraggiante: Le persone incoraggianti sono importanti in un gruppo • Collaborativo: Essere collaborativo è un requisito imprescindibile per poter lavorare&nbsp;con altre persone&nbsp; So, good, that’s all for today!&nbsp;This is all I wanted to tell you about how to answer an Italian interview and I hope that you will apply some of my suggestions during your interview!&nbsp;&nbsp;Of course, if you have any questions, please let me know in the comment section down below.&nbsp;Thank you for reading this article.&nbsp;If you want to learn more about me, feel free to check out my profile! Ciao!&nbsp;

BUSINESS ITALIAN - Il colloquio di lavoro (Language for Interview)

Whether you’re just starting to learn Polish or you’re a more advanced learner, understanding proverbs will help you connect with the language, culture and people on a deeper level.

<h3>Introduction&nbsp;</h3>Proverbs are short, well-known sayings that reflect the values and beliefs of a culture. In Poland, proverbs are very commonly used in everyday conversations. They offer insights into how Poles think and approach life. Whether you’re just starting to learn Polish or you’re a more advanced learner, understanding these proverbs will help you connect with the language, culture and people on a deeper level. Below you will find some most popular Polish proverbs, along with their literal translations, and their English equivalents.&nbsp; <h3>Most Popular Polish Proverbs&nbsp;</h3>1. Jak się nie ma, co się lubi, to się lubi, co się ma.&nbsp;● Literal translation: “When you don’t have what you like, you like what you have.” ● English equivalent: Beggars can't be choosers.&nbsp;This proverb teaches us to make the best of what we have, even if it’s not exactly what we wanted. It serves as a reminder to appreciate what we already have.&nbsp; 2. Jak sobie pościelesz, tak się wyśpisz.&nbsp;● Literal translation: “How you make your bed will determine how well you’ll sleep.” ● English equivalent: You’ve made your bed, now lie in it.&nbsp;Imagine you’ve made your bed in a way that’s not very comfortable or inviting. If you end up with a lumpy or messy bed, you’ll have to sleep in it and deal with the discomfort because of how you prepared it. The saying reminds us that we're responsible for our own actions and choices, as they have a direct effect on our lives, and we have to face the consequences - good or bad.3. Nieszczęścia chodzą parami.&nbsp; ● Literal translation: “Unhappiness walks in pairs.”&nbsp;● English equivalent: Misery loves company.&nbsp; This saying reflects the idea that when something bad happens, more misfortune might follow. Just like how one unhappy event can lead to another, it’s often used to recognize that difficult times tend to come in clusters, rather than one isolated issue.&nbsp; 4. Darowanemu koniowi w zęby się nie zagląda.&nbsp;● Literal translation: “Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth.”&nbsp;● English equivalent: If someone gives you a gift, don’t question its value.&nbsp; Imagine receiving a horse as a gift. Instead of examining the horse's teeth to check its age or health, which could show flaws, the saying advises to accept the gift graciously and with gratitude. It encourages us to be thankful for gifts, even if they’re not perfect. Instead of focusing on their flaws, we should appreciate them for what they are.&nbsp; 5. Niedaleko spada jabłko od jabłoni.&nbsp;● Literal translation: “The apple falls not far from the apple tree.”&nbsp;● English equivalent: The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.&nbsp; This proverb suggests that children often inherit traits, behaviors, and even worldviews from their parents, showing how deeply family shapes a person's character over time. Just as an apple’s position is close to the tree, a child's characteristics are closely tied to their family background&nbsp; 6. Co dwie głowy, to nie jedna.&nbsp;● Literal translation: “Two heads aren’t one.”&nbsp;● English equivalent: Two heads are better than one.&nbsp; This saying emphasizes the value of teamwork and shared ideas. It suggests that working together can lead to better results because different perspectives and experiences - literallydifferent heads - can complement each other. When people collaborate, they can solve problems more effectively and come up with more creative solutions than when working alone.&nbsp; 7. Co nagle, to po diable.&nbsp;● Literal translation: “What (is done) suddenly, that (is done) the devil's (way)." ● English equivalent: Haste makes waste.&nbsp;This refers to the idea that rushing or doing things hurriedly can lead to poor results, as if the devil himself is causing trouble. It warns that quick, careless actions are often flawed or wasteful. By taking your time and paying attention to details, you can achieve better outcomes and avoid mistakes&nbsp; 8. Co za dużo, to niezdrowo.&nbsp;● Literal translation: “What’s too much isn’t healthy.”&nbsp;● English equivalent: All things in moderation.&nbsp; This saying promotes balance and moderation in life, cautioning against extremes and excess. It reminds us that too much of anything, even something positive, can lead to negative consequences. By practicing moderation, we can maintain a healthier and more stable life.&nbsp; 9. Mądry Polak po szkodzie.&nbsp;● Literal translation: “Pole wise after harm.”&nbsp;● English equivalent: It’s easy to be wise after the event.&nbsp; This saying means that we often understand a situation and know how to deal with it, but only because it has already happened. If something has ended badly once, it’s easy to know what should be done next time to avoid similar mistakes.&nbsp; 10. Czym się strułeś, tym się lecz.&nbsp;● Literal translation: “What poisoned you will cure you.”&nbsp;● English equivalent: The hair of the dog that bit you.&nbsp; This saying suggests that a remedy for something harmful or unpleasant can sometimes be found in the very thing that caused the problem. It often refers to the practice of consuming asmall amount of alcohol to cure a hangover, implying that a little bit of what caused the discomfort can help alleviate it. More generally, it can mean tackling a problem with a similar solution or using a related method to address the issue.&nbsp; 11. Pies ogrodnika – sam nie zje i drugiemu nie da.&nbsp;● Literal translation: “The gardener’s dog – won’t eat it himself and won’t let others eat it.”&nbsp;● English equivalent: A dog in the manger.&nbsp; This proverb refers to someone who stops others from enjoying or using something they don't need or want themselves. Imagine a dog lying in a manger, which is a trough or open box in a stable where animals eat. The dog doesn’t eat the hay, but it lies in the manger to keep other animals from getting to it.&nbsp; 12. Gdyby kózka nie skakała, to by nóżki nie złamała.&nbsp;● Literal translation: “If the goat hadn’t jumped, it wouldn’t have broken its leg.” ● English equivalent: Curiosity killed the cat.&nbsp;Imagine a playful goat that jumps around too much and ends up breaking its leg. This saying means that if the goat had not been so adventurous or curious, it wouldn’t have gotten hurt. It reflects the idea that taking unnecessary risks or being overly curious can lead to problems or&nbsp;misfortune. Just like the curious cat that ends up in trouble, the goat's actions led to an unfortunate outcome.&nbsp; <h3>Why knowing more Polish proverbs could be beneficial for you?&nbsp;</h3>Learning Polish proverbs isn’t just about learning new phrases, it’s a way to explore the culture and language in a fun and meaningful way. Here’s why it’s worth your time:&nbsp;1. Cultural Insight&nbsp;Understanding Polish Values: Proverbs reflect the core values and beliefs of Polish people. By learning these sayings, you gain insight into what’s important in Polish culture.2. Language Learning&nbsp; Building Vocabulary: Proverbs are a great way to learn new words and phrases that are commonly used in Polish.&nbsp;Contextual Learning: Since proverbs often use simple language to express complex ideas, they help you understand words in context, which is crucial for language learning.&nbsp;Engaging Discussions: Proverbs are excellent conversation starters, whether you’re talking with Poles or people from other cultures. They spark discussions about language, culture, and shared human experiences.&nbsp; 3. Unique Perspective&nbsp;Understanding the Polish Mindset: By exploring proverbs, you get a glimpse into how Poles think and solve problems.&nbsp;Appreciation for Polish Culture: Learning proverbs fosters a greater appreciation for Polish traditions and the way of life.&nbsp;Cross-Cultural Comparison: Comparing Polish proverbs with those from your own culture can be a fascinating way to see both similarities and differences.&nbsp;Life Lessons: Proverbs often contain practical advice that can be applied to everyday situations.&nbsp; 4. Entertainment Value&nbsp;Humor and Wit: Polish proverbs often contain humor and clever wordplay, making them enjoyable to read and share.&nbsp;Storytelling: Some proverbs come with interesting backstories or folk tales. Just like myths and legends, it can be very intriguing to learn where a particular proverb comes from - what is the original story behind the now short phrase, during what historical period was it formed in and influenced by. <h3>Conclusion&nbsp;</h3>Learning Polish proverbs is not just about expanding your vocabulary; it’s about connecting with the culture and people who speak the language. For beginners, these proverbs offer a simple and memorable way to learn new words, while advanced learners can delve into&nbsp;the deeper meanings and contexts behind them. Whether you’re learning Polish for practical reasons or out of interest, proverbs provide valuable insights that can make your language journey more enjoyable and meaningful.

Polish Proverbs and Their Meanings

Hi please help.

We find ways every day

It means ' you are going to find ways? Or you found something every day?

*To speculate* means to:
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    - Guess   
    - Confirm  
    - Eliminate
?

Which word means "to confirm or prove something"?
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A) Refuse  
B) Verify  
C) Deny
?