"I was thought ..." is the passive voice. For example "In those days, I was thought to be a great hunter." That is to say, "In those days, people thought I was a great hunter."
If you say "I thought," it normally means you suspected something, but now you know it's not true, or you have reason to doubt it. e.g. "Hm... I thought I left 6 eggs in the fridge, but now I see there are only 4."
If you say "I was thinking," it normally means you were considering something. "I was thinking about whether we should go to Disneyland this year."