It does appear to say there were no obstacles, although it has a very confusing phrasing in the middle.
- 실상 [조선 여성으로서는 누리지 못할 경제적으로나 정서적으로 장애되는 일]이 하나도 없었다.
= In fact, there were no economic or emotional obstacles to keep them out of reach of the Joseon women.
The bracketed part is unclear because it leaves 누리지 못할 dangling without a noun.
We can add "these/such liberties" to make the sentence coherent, like so:
- 실상 조선 여성이 [이같은 자유를] 누리는 데에 경제적으로나 정서적으로 장애가 되는 일은 하나도 없었다.
= In fact, there was nothing that obstructed Joseon women economically or emotionally from enjoying these liberties.
As for the meaning that confuses you, my guess is that the writer is arguing that in truth there were no fundamental and insurmountable obstacles, to make a strong point that the obstacles that existed came from the tradition and customs unique to the country at the time - that is, they were more in people's heads than in the real world.
That's what it sounds like to me.