The full sentence is "คุณแม่ของฉันเป็นคนไทย คุณพ่อของฉันเป็นคนอังกฤษค่ะ" the meaning of "ของฉัน" or "ของผม" is "my" which will put behind noun. but we speak and write shortly, so we cut "ของฉัน" off from the sentence and we understand it. that why it become "คุณแม่เป็นคนไทย คุณพ่อเป็นคนอังกฤษ"
also the question "why it use koon?"
"คุณแม่ของฉันเป็นคนไทย"
koon is mean 'you' but for this sentence, koon has no meaning.
when we put koon in font of noun (noun for people only, can also be in font of someone's name) like "คุณแม่ or คุณพ่อ" is show more polite, officially and in writing language.
we normally speak shorter and not too polite in speak language
example
"แม่ฉันเป็นคนไทย" this sentence is a short cut from "แม่ของฉันเป็นคนไทย"
Also if we know, who are we talking about, we can also cut "ฉัน" off. then it become "แม่เป็นคนไทย" or "คุณแม่เป็นคนไทย"
I hope, this can help you. It is hard to explain. Hope you successful learning Thai. :)