"Il va pleuvoir" is in the near future (It is going to rain)
You conjugate the near future using:
- the verb 'aller' in the present tense (vais, vas, va, allons, allez, vont) + a verb in the infinitive
Here, the verb in the infinitive is 'pleuvoir' (to rain).
"Il pleuvra" is in the future simple (It will rain)
"Il pleuvait" in in the imperfect (It was raining)
And if you ever need them, here are a couple more:
"Il pleut" is in the present tense (it's raining)
"Il a plu" is in the passé composé, past tense (it rained)
Hope it makes more sense now :)