Hello Daniel,
The English 'friend' applies a platonic friendship, whereas the German 'Freund' or 'Freundin' could refer on the other hand to both platonic or intimate relationships.
So 'Freund' indeed does refer to the French 'ami' or the Spanish 'amigo' in many contexts and it could mean 'boyfriend' as well in other contexts.
" Mein Freund......." (the possessive pronoun could denote the intimacy of the relationship, thus a boyfriend as previously mentioned, but still the context determines, whether the speech is of a boyfriend or just a friend.)
"Er ist ein guter Freund von mir....."
Here, the undefined article refers to the person being a friend among other friends.
The term 'Liebespartner/in' could be used to refer to a boy- or girlfriend as well as to casual sexual affairs, although it tends to refer more to sexual relationships.
When you have a girlfriend you don't say " Meine Liebespartnerin". On the other hand you could say :
"Er hat viele Liebespartnerinen."
It means here he is not in a stable relation, just having temporary sexual affairs.
The term 'Liebhaber' means in English 'lover'.
Again to refer to your lover ,boy or girlfriend you don't usually say "Mein Liebhaber", you rather use 'Freund oder Freundin' instead.
The term 'Geliebte' is a synonym of 'Liebhaber' and both refer to the English 'lover'.
As you notice, the distinction between 'boyfriend' and 'friend' is apparent in English language as well as in Spanish and French ( the languages of comparison in your example) ,whereas it doesn't exist in the German language and is only detected in the context of the sentence.