"(Goes past)" typically means to move or travel beyond something or someone that was previously in your vicinity or within your line of sight. It can be used in a variety of contexts, but generally implies that something has moved past a particular point or location.
For example, if you are standing on a street corner and a car "goes past," it means that the car has driven beyond your location and is no longer within your immediate view. Similarly, if you are watching a sports game and a player "goes past" an opponent, it means that the player has moved beyond the other player's position on the field or court.