共同点：以前某个时期，现在情况已经不那样了。  (1)(2) 
不同点：
本来: 按道理就应该这样。(3)(4)
原来:发觉以前不知道的情况或突然明白了某事。(5)

(1)他本来姓张，后来才改姓李的。→原来
(2) 这里原来有一排旧房子，现在都拆掉了。 →本来
(3)这本书本来昨天就该还给你,拖到现在，
真不好意思。
(4) A:看来这孩子还真的有点儿不懂事。
      B:本来嘛,一个孩子，懂什么事。
(5)我还以为是谁呢,原来是你啊!

Eva Wang的channel ——汉语语法对比合集

汉语语法对比之“本来”和“原来”

After consonants, the vowel letter pairs а/я, э/е, о/ё, ы/и, and у/ю represent 
essentially the same vowel sound. Their only difference is that the letters in the bottom 
row tell you that the preceding consonant is palatalized, or soft.*

HARD CONSONANTS             SOFT CONSONANTS

Да-да! - Oh yes!                       дядя - uncle 
мэр - mayor                             мер - of measures 
быт - daily life                          бит - computer bit 
живот - belly                            живёт - he/she lives 
музыка - music                        мюзикл - musical (show)

* a palatalized consonant is pronounced with the blade of the tongue pressed up 
against the hard palate, it sounds like a consonant plus the [y] sound of “yes” pronounced at the exact same time.

Russian Pronunciation wilth Lubov

HARD / SOFT CONSONANTS PRACTICE. Живот Или Живёт? Listen and Repeat.

Let’s work on our pronunciation today and explore the peculiar world of Russian tongue-twisters.  This one is a great way to check if you’re getting your sh [ш] and s [с] right.

Шла Саша по шоссе и сосала сушку.

[Shla Sasha po shosseh i sosala sushku]

English translation: Sasha was walking on the highway sucking on a sushka.

Can You Pronounce This Well-Known Russian Tongue-Twister? Listen and Repeat.

A palatalized consonant is pronounced with the blade of the tongue pressed up against the hard palate. A palatalized consonant sounds like a consonant plus the [y] sound of “yes” pronounced at the exact same time. The letter ь ( мягкий знак ) indicates that the preceding consonant is palatalized.

In addition to ь, the vowel letters е, ё, и, ю, and я also indicate that the preceding 
consonant is palatalized. 

на - ня
но - нё
ну - ню
ны - ни
нэ - не
нь

ма - мя
мо - мё
му - мю
мы - ми
мэ - ме
мь

да - дя
до - дё
ду - дю
ды - ди
дэ - де
дь

та - тя
то - тё
ту - тю
ты - ти
тэ - те
ть


Palatalized and Unpalatalized (Hard and Soft) Consonants and Ь. Listen and Repeat.

I want you to imitate my pronunciation and pay attention to stressed/unstressed O, unvoiced consonants, and my intonation.

1 Айдахо Idaho
2 Айова Iowa 
3 Алабама Alabama
4 Аляска Alaska
5 Аризона Arizona
6 Арканзас Arkansas 
7 Вайоминг Wyoming
8 Вашингтон Washington
9 Вермонт Vermont
10 Виргиния Virginia
11 Висконсин Wisconsin
12 Гавайи Hawaii
13 Делавэр Delaware
14 Джорджия Georgia 
15 Западная Виргиния West Virginia
16 Иллинойс Illinois
17 Индиана Indiana
18 Калифорния California
19 Канзас Kansas
20 Кентукки Kentucky
21 Колорадо Colorado
22 Коннектикут Connecticut
23 Луизиана Louisiana
24 Массачусетс Massachusetts
 25 Миннесота Minnesota
 26 Миссисипи Mississippi
27 Миссури Missouri
28 Мичиган Michigan
29 Монтана Montana
30 Мэн Maine
31 Мэриленд Maryland 
32 Небраска Nebraska
33 Невада Nevada
34 Нью-Гэмпшир New Hampshire
35 Нью-Джерси New Jersey
36 Нью-Йорк New York
37 Нью-Мексико New Mexico
38 Огайо Ohio
39 Оклахома Oklahoma
40 Орегон Oregon 
41 Пенсильвания Pennsylvania
42 Род-Айленд Rhode Island
43 Северная Дакота North Dakota
44 Северная Каролина North Carolina
45 Теннесси Tennessee
46 Техас Texas
47 Флорида Florida
48 Южная Дакота South Dakota
49 Южная Каролина South Carolina 
50 Юта Utah

How To Pronounce All 50 US States In Russian? Listen and Repeat.

Word final devoicing

Voiced consonants at the end of words are pronounced voiceless. 

We write:               We say:
Чехов                      Чехо[ ф ] 
джаз                        джа[ с ] 
гараж                      гара[ ш ] 
сноб                        сно[ п ] 
маркетинг              маркетин[ к ] 
Мадрид                   Мадри[ т ]

Voiced-voiceless assimilation 

When voiced and voiceless consonants are adjacent to each other, the nature of the second consonant dictates the nature of the first. To put it more succinctly, when two consonants go walking, the second one does the talking: 

в Киеве               [ф К]иеве 
субтитры            су[пт]итры 

 voiceless + voiced voiced + voiced 
 
 баскетбол          баске[дб]ол 

 Питсбург            Пи[дзб]ург 

 вас зовут             ва[ з з ]овут 

Basics. Word Final Devoicing and Voiced-Voiceless Assimilation. Listen and Repeat.

Listen the names and copy in the comment section the names you hear. 

 Боский Григорий Антонович 
 Вишевский Антон Николаевич 
 Владимирова Зинаида Сергеевна 
 Гагарин Фёдор Игнатьевич 
 Литвинова Наталья Петровна 
 Иванова Александра Ивановна 
 Иванов Максим Ильич 
 Павлов Пётр Петрович 
 Петрова Мария Петровна 
 Шукшин Михаил Петрович 

Could any of the people on the list be brother and sister? 

Russian Full Names Audio Exercise. Can You Understand These Russian Names?

There are only six vowels in stressed position: [а], [о], [у], [э], [и], [ы]. 

The Russian hard consonants correspond to the English consonants.
However, the Russian consonant /п / resembles the English /р / but it is never aspirated. The consonant [t ] is also never aspirated.

Don’t forget that in the articulation of the Russian /т /, /д /, /н / the tip of the tongue is pressed against the teeth ridge but against the back of the upper incisors!

ма - мэ - мо - му - мы 
ба - бэ - бо - бу - бы
па - пэ - по - пу - пы 
ва - вэ - во - ву - вы 
фа - фэ - фо - фу - фы
та - тэ - то - ту - ты 
да - дэ - до - ду - ды
на - нэ - но - ну - ны 

Vowels А, О, У, Э, И, Ы With Some Hard Consonants. Listen and repeat.

In the pronunciation of the vowel Ы the bulk of the tongue is retracted from the front teeth while the back of the tongue is raised. The lips are passive, motionless.

Read these vowels. Watch the position of the tongue and the lips.

а - ы	  а - и - ы	        а-о-у-ы-и-э-а
а - у -ы      а - э - и - ы	        а-э-и-ы-у-о-а