Most of the time /sarebbe/ and /potrebbe essere/ are perfectly interchangeable.
In what follows each give to its sentence a different meaning:
a1) se il sole e le stelle si spegnessero ci sarebbe una notte eterna.
a2) se il sole e le stelle si spegnessero ci potrebbe essere una notte eterna.
(spegnersi: to switch off, Italian grammar needs the reflexive form here, even if the meaning is not properly reflexive)
What (a1) says is the following:
If /something would happen/ then AS A CERTAIN CONSEQUENCE darkness will be for eternity.
What (a2) says is the following:
If /something would happen/ then AS A POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCE darkness will be for
For instance if the speaker thinks that humans could burn hydrogen in nuclear fusion reactors to substitute the energy (and light) from the missing sun, he would use sentence (a2).
On the other hand, somebody who is rather skeptical about human technological capabilities,
would use sentence (a1), at the same time denying the possibility even for volcanic events to
temporarily break the eternal darkness.
The form /sarebbe/ in this type of sentences is clear: direct implications, without any 'ma' or 'se'
(but or if).
The form /potrebbe essere/ needs clarification:
it states a possibility, and (usually, but only usually) an outcome that is also probable, but
you could use /potrebbe essere/ even for an outcome that has a very low probability of happening.
Questo potrebbe essere tutto (almeno finche` non mi vengono in mente nuovi esempi).
Saluti e grazie per una domanda interessante.