不知道你是否了解英语的prefix 和 surffix(Do you know any English prefix or surffix)? They may help you.
① "预“ means"预先"(in advance), which in my view, can be equal to English prefixs ”pre or fore“.
②“测” means "测量"(measure), “预测”means you know something which will probably happen according to some evidence or your experience and more...
③"报"means "报告" (report or tell sth to sb 通常是publicly)
④见 means "看见" (sight...) just like "foresight“
⑤言 means "语言“ (words,speech,diction......)
它们当名词或动词 使用(They are both nouns and verbs).
我觉得你应该可以从词根(the root of a word),词缀(prefix or suffix) 可以体会到一些nuance among them.