Although (as correctly pointed out by Derpius) the terms "en vegetar" and "en vegetarianer" can be used as synonyms to describe a person, "en vegetarianer" is by far the most commonly used, so I would probably stick to that one.
"Vegetar-" can also be used as a prefix to describe something vegetarian, such as "vegetarkost", "vegetarmat", "vegetarrett", "vegetarrestaurant" and so on.
These same things can in turn also be described by instead placing one of the words "vegetarisk" or "vegetariansk" in front: "vegetarisk/vegetariansk kost", "vegetarisk/vegetariansk mat", "vegetarisk/vegetariansk rett", "vegetarisk/vegetariansk restaurant" osv.